Notes: Only low risk-of-bias studies displayed in this figure. "F" represents fluoride.

Three additional publications based on subsample of the larger Yu et al. (2018) cohort were identified (Zhao et al. 2019, Zhou et al. 2019, Zhao et al. 2020); however, results from these studies are not presented here. The main study by Yu et al. (2018) is considered a better representation of the IQ results.

For all studies, SDs are available and can be viewed in HAWC by clicking the data points within the plot area; however, 95% CIs could not be calculated for Seraj et al. (2012) because Ns are not available for exposure groups.