Spontaneous abortion associated occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapy: studies reporting percent incidence. Interactive figure and additional study details in HAWC (B. https://hawcproject.org/summary/data-pivot/assessment/196/spontaneous-abortion-percent/). Medkova et al. (1991) reported a higher number of early spontaneous abortions in exposed medical personnel (8 of 74 pregnancies) compared to unexposed spouses of medical personnel (0 of 11 pregnancies). Zhang et al. (2016) reported significantly (#) lower rates of spontaneous abortion in exposed oncology nurses post-PIVAS implementation compared to exposed oncology nurses pre-PIVAS implementation (p<0.05), as well as when compared to exposed oncology nurses without a PIVAS at Hospital B (p<0.01).