All behavior at less than 5 ppm

Studies at high overall risk of bias excluded. Data not shown for Morris Water Maze data on acquisition day 1. With the exception of the Gao et al. 2009 study, acquisition day 1 responses were not altered. In Gao et al., 2009 escape time was significantly longer on acquisition day 1, but not day 5. Some data from Liu et al. 2009 is also presented in Liu et al. 2011. Specifically the values for escape time, acquisition, day 6 are identical although the animal numbers per group differ. Duplicate results are summarized as part of Liu et al. 2009.