Basha and Sujitha 2012
| Data type(s) | Animal bioassay |
|---|---|
| Full citation | Basha PM, Sujitha NS. 2012. Combined impact of exercise and temperature in learning and memory performance of fluoride toxicated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 150: 306-313. |
| Abstract | In previous studies, we investigated a link between high fluoride exposure and functional IQ deficits in rats. This study is an extension conducted to explore the combined influence of physical exercise and temperature stress on the learning ability and memory in rats and to assess whether any positive modulation could be attenuated due to exercise regimen subjected to F-toxicated animals at different temperatures. Accumulation of ingested fluoride resulted significant inhibition in acetylcholinesterase activity (P < 0.05), plasma cortisol levels (P < 0.05), and impaired the acquisition, performance, latency time, and retention in fluoride-exposed animals. Fluoride-toxicated rats took more number of sessions during the learning phase [F (5, 35) = 19.065; P < 0.05] and post hoc analysis on the number of correct choices revealed that there was a significant effect of treatments [F (5, 30) = 15.763; P < 0.05]; sessions [F (8, 240) = 58.698; P < 0.05]; and also significant difference in the interactions [F (40, 240) = 1.583; P < 0.05]. The latency data also revealed a significant difference between groups [F (5, 30) = 28.085; P < 0.05]; time = [F (8, 240) = 136.314; P < 0.05]; and there was a significant difference in the interactions [F (40, 240) = 2.090; P < 0.05]. In order to ascertain if interdependence between fluoride concentrations and the foregoing free radical parameters, respective correlation coefficients were calculated and results clearly emphasize the positive role of exercise in the promotion of cognitive functions by decreasing fluoride levels in rat hippocampus. A significant recovery in cognitive function was noticed in all the exercised animals due to reduced burden of brain oxidative stress. In comparison to exercise regimens performed at different temperatures, high (35 °C) and low temperatures (20 °C) led to a slower acquisition and poor retention of the task when compared to thermo neutral temperatures (25 and 30 °C). Thus exercise up-regulate antioxidant defenses and promote learning abilities in fluorotic population. |
| Reference hyperlink | |
| COI reported | Not reported |
| Funding source | BURIF grant from Bangalore University, India |
| Study identifier | 537 |
| Author contacted? | true |
| Author contact details | The author, P.M. Basha, at pmbashabub@rediffmail.com was contacted about randomization, allocation concealment, and exposure characterization. No response to the query has been received. |
| Summary/extraction comments | Data not extracted: acetylcholinestase activity in the brain and serum cortisol levels. Originally assessed in the 2016 Fluoride assessment: https://hawcproject.org/assessment/126/ |
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Animal bioassay experiments
| Name | Type | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 30 days | Subchronic (30-90 days) | The animals were divided into six groups (n=6 in each group): Group 1: Control-sedentary rats receiving tap water. Group 2: Toxicated-sedentary rats exposed to 600 ppm NaF for a month through drinking water. Groups 3-6: F-toxicated rats (600 ppm NaF fed through water for a month) were further subgrouped (groups 3-6) and subjected to intermittent swimming exercise regimen for about 45 min in a glass tank (length 100 cm, width 50 cm, and depth 50 cm) for 10 days at controlled specific temperatures 20, 25, 30, and 35 deg C.; Three-month-old male albino rats, Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus albinus), weighing 180-220 g were procured from Sri Raghavendra Enterprises, Bangalore and acclimatized to laboratory conditions (25 +/- 2 deg C with 12 dark/light cycle) in individual standard polyethylene cages (41 x 28 x 14 cm) (B I.K Industries, Mumbai) with stainless steel top grill and were housed in groups of three per cage. During the whole experimentation, all animals had access to tap water and food pellets (Amruth feeds, India) ad libitum. |