The study appears to have conducted based on different groups, but they do not provide information on the different cohorts such as the time frame between cohorts, if all exposure groups were included in all the different cohorts, how many animals (or if equal numbers per group) were in each cohort. It is only apparent that the study authors had different groups of animals because it was noted that the first group of animals were not tested in either the voluntary wheel or EchoMRI tests.

No other threats to internal validity were identified.

It should be noted that a nonstandard mouse strain was used. It is not clear if this would affect the results.

The main purpose of the activity testing was to help with determination of the metabolic results.

Males and females were reported separately.

Johnson, Painter et al. 2015

Risk of bias

HAWC