Eight-to ten-week-old ICR mice (n = 60, male:female = 1:3) purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Company (SCXK2012-0001, Beijing, China) were maintained and freely provided standard pellet feed and water. They were housed in an animal facility with a set temperature of 22 C-24 C, humidity of 40%-60% and a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle (lights on from 07:00 to 19:00). They were allowed to acclimatize in the new environment for 1 week prior to the initiation of experimental treatments.