Liu 1989

Risk of bias

Animal bioassay experiments

NameTypeComments
developmental NaF Developmental The experiment has three groups: control group, where rats were fed with distilled water; 30ppm F group, where rats were fed with distilled water containing NaF at a concentration of 30ppm; and 60ppm F group, where rats were fed with distilled water containing NaF at a concentration of 60ppm. The concentration of fluoride in food was 2.9 ppm. The urine fluoride concentration for rats from three groups were measured after 60 days since the beginning of the experiment, and reported as 3.6+/-1.01, 26.15+/-8.40, and 45.47+/-12.91 ppm (x bar +/- s) with statistically significant results (compared to the control, P<0.01). In addition, fluoride teeth was observed in the treatment groups, which was an indicator of chronic fluoride toxicity. Female rats from three groups were mated with male ones. After twenty-five days, a total of 150 offspring were generated. Pup rats between 33 and 41 days old were selected and participated the tests.; A total of 70 healthy female Wistar rats, weighting between 75 and 86g, were selected and randomly assigned into three groups, which were fed with distilled water containing different amounts of sodium fluoride.