| rat F drinking water |
Subchronic (30-90 days) |
Animals were divided randomly into two groups of 30 each, i.e., the untreated control group (<0.5 ppm fluoride in drinking water) and the fluoride group (50 ppm fluoride). Each group was fed with normal diet (containing <6 ppm fluoride)…. After 10 months, female adult rats with chronic fluorosis were allowed to become pregnant by natural mating with male adults with chronic fluorosis. After lactation, the offspring rats born from fluorosis rats were fed with the same water containing high fluoride as their parents, and the offspring from untreated control group fed with normal tap water. At the postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, 10 pups in each age group were selected for the experiment.; Sixty one-month-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (half males and half females, and body weight 100–120 g/each) were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center in Guizhou, China, and pre-approved by the regional ethical committee there. The humidity was ranged from 30 to 55 % and temperature remained between 22 and 25 °C. All animals were acclimatized for 1 week in a housing facility before treatment… During the study, the rats were housed in stainless steel cages suspended in stainless steel racks, and the treated water and chow were administered to the animals ad libitum for 10 months. |
| rat F drinking water |
Developmental |
Animals were divided randomly into two groups of 30 each, i.e., the untreated control group (<0.5 ppm fluoride in drinking water) and the fluoride group (50 ppm fluoride). Each group was fed with normal diet (containing <6 ppm fluoride)…. After 10 months, female adult rats with chronic fluorosis were allowed to become pregnant by natural mating with male adults with chronic fluorosis. After lactation, the offspring rats born from fluorosis rats were fed with the same water containing high fluoride as their parents, and the offspring from untreated control group fed with normal tap water. At the postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, 10 pups in each age group were selected for the experiment.; Sixty one-month-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (half males and half females, and body weight 100–120 g/each) were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center in Guizhou, China, and pre-approved by the regional ethical committee there. The humidity was ranged from 30 to 55 % and temperature remained between 22 and 25 °C. All animals were acclimatized for 1 week in a housing facility before treatment… During the study, the rats were housed in stainless steel cages suspended in stainless steel racks, and the treated water and chow were administered to the animals ad libitum for 10 months. |