Control dams received the same vehicle (corn oil) as the treated animals. Experimental conditions were provided, but it was not specified or documented that they were the same across treatment groups. Pups were allocated to different experimental endpoints Litters were culled to 10 pups on PND 4 (5 males and 5 females where possible) by randomly selecting 5 males and 5 females from each litter to remain in the litter. Where necessary to ensure standard litter size in all liters, pups were fostered into liters from the same dose group where possible. Fostered pups where biological and foster mothers differed were never used in data analysis.

Bowers et al. 2015

Risk of bias

Animal bioassay experiments

HAWC