From Nair et al. 2004: All treatments were given orally with a hypodermic syringe attached to an angular blunt needle. Animals in Groups I to V served as controls (untreated, vehicle treated and positive controls). All treatments were given for 30 days. Sodium fluoride (NaF) (Loba Chemie, Mumbai, 99% purity) was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight to Group VI animals. Arsenic trioxide (0.5 mg/kg body weight) (As2O3 obtained from Maniyar Chemie, Mumbai, 99% purity) was administered to Group VII mice. The above doses were established on the basis of LD50 values, viz. 51.6 mg/kg body weight12 for NaF and 39.4 mg/kg body weight13 for As2O3, respectively. The Group VIII animals were fed NaF and As2O3 orally in combination (doses as above). To study the reversibility of induced effects, the treatment of Group VIII was withdrawn. These were Group IX animals. Groups X, XI, XII, and XIII mice were administered vitamin C (15 mg/0.2 mL distilled water/animal/day) (Loba Chemie, Mumbai, 99% purity), calcium (as calcium phosphate suspension, 25 mg/0.2 mL distilled water/animal/day) (Glaxo, India, 99% purity) or vitamin E (Tocopherol acetate, 2 mg/0.2 mL olive oil/animal/day) (E. Merck, India Ltd. Mumbai, 99% purity), alone and in combination (Group XIII) during the withdrawal period for 30 days. The doses of vitamin C, calcium, and vitamin E were based on earlier work.

male Swiss albino mice

HAWC