A total of sixty healthy pure SD rats, equal male and female, were purchased from Guizhou Laboratory Animal Engineering Technology Center for the study. The selected rats were randomly divided into two groups (control group, fluoride exposure group) with equal size based on body weight using random number table method. The control group was given tab water every day (containing fluoride less than 0.5 mg/L); the fluoride exposure group was given sodium fluoride at 50 mg/L. Rats from both groups were given standard animal food containing fluoride less than 6.2 mg/kg.

male and female rats

HAWC